Plato - Greek Athenian Philosopher
Plato (424/423 BC - 348/347 BC), was a Classical Greekphilosopher,mathematician, student of Socrates, writer ofphilosophicaldialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens, thefirstinstitution of higher learning in the Western world. Alongwith hismentor, Socrates, and his student, Aristotle, Plato helpedto laythe foundations of Western philosophy and science.
Plato's sophistication as a writer is evident in hisSocraticdialogues; thirty-six dialogues and thirteen letters havebeenascribed to him. Plato's writings have been published inseveralfashions; this has led to several conventions regarding thenamingand referencing of Plato's texts.
Plato's dialogues have been used to teach a range ofsubjects,including philosophy, logic, ethics, rhetoric, andmathematics.
Elgin Marbles
The Parthenon Marbles, forming a part of the collection known astheElgin Marbles are a collection of classical Greek marblesculptures(mostly by Phidias and his pupils), inscriptions andarchitecturalmembers that originally were part of the Parthenonand otherbuildings on the Acropolis of Athens. Thomas Bruce, 7thEarl ofElgin, the British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire from1799-1803,had obtained a controversial permit from the Ottomanauthorities toremove pieces from the Acropolis.
From 1801 to 1812 Elgin's agents removed about half of thesurvivingsculptures of the Parthenon, as well as architecturalmembers andsculpture from the Propylaea and Erechtheum. TheMarbles weretransported by sea to Britain. In Britain, theacquisition of thecollection was supported by some, while othercritics comparedElgin's actions to vandalism or looting.
Following a public debate in Parliament and subsequentexonerationof Elgin's actions, the marbles were purchased by theBritishgovernment in 1816 and placed on display in the BritishMuseum,where they stand now on view in the purpose-built DuveenGallery.The debate continues as to whether the Marbles shouldremain in theBritish Museum or be returned to Athens.
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