[Display of caste in public life is a sin-Observance of caste traditions in religious life is a boon]1.Introduction: Hinduism is a belief, not a religion.Hinduismdefined four Varnas to classify the section of people, todenotetheir nature of lively-hood duties. The four Varnas are,Brahmana,Kshathriya, Vysya and Sudra. The main duties of Brahmanasareprotecting and propagating Hindu Dharma, Kshathriyas are torulethe kingdoms to protect the people, Vysayas are to do businessandcultivation, and Sudras to do supportive duties to thegeneralpublic. These were the kind of duties strictly followed inHinduismin puranic “Bharata”. The history presents to us, thatthere aremajor migrations of people from one place to another,following theexpeditions of their Kings or due to naturalcalamities orpolitical conditions. The same history also revealsthat, themigrated Kings and then people could not fit themselves inthetraditional classification of Hindu society. This resultedinfurther classification of “Varnas” into “Jati” known as caste.Asper Oxford Dictionary, “Caste” is defined as “each ofhereditaryclasses of Hindu Society”. The Word “Caste” is originatedformSpanish or Portuguese “Casta”, which means “lineage” or“breed”.The Word Caste also means-Class, Degree, Grade, Level,Position,Rank, Status and Stratus. When the Aryans arrived inIndia, theyintroduced four terms, “Halika-Cultivator, Sethi-Merchant,Kolika-Weaver and Gadhika-Druggist”. Hence, prior to theera ofChrist and soon after that, Hinduism is the only conceptruling inIndian sub-continent. Then came the Islam and Buddhism.These twomajor “Dharmas” significantly changed the social structureofIndian society. At the same time, frequent changes of kings(orrulers) in every pockets of India also triggered the dilutionofmono-society into multi-pronged society. Hence, the system ofSuryaVamsa and Chandra Vamsa, further split into sub-groups, basedonVarna or Gotra. Further, to “Gotra”, the culture of “Surnames”alsocreeped into Indian society making sizable and multiple groupsevenin villages. This kind of splitting of Varna into Jati, JatiintoCaste, and Caste into Sub-Caste, adoption of Islam,Buddhism,Jainism and finally Christianity resulted in the socialconcept of“Unity of Diversity” by the cause of Indian Freedomstruggle.However, in my opinion, the British in-a-way helpedintegration ofdiversified and fractured Indian society into asystematic society,because of strong and peaceful freedom strugglelead by theleaders. Prior to this, even British are also trappedinto thelocalized concept by way of introducing “Zamindari System”.Thishappened as they initially entered the Country as “EastIndiaCompany” for doing business, and ultimately lead to lootingofvaluable natural resources of India. During this time, theyareforced to recognize and trade with localized “so called rulers”whoare already struggling for their existence during “French Rule”asNorthern Circars. Prior to British Rule the French controlledmajorpart of “Andhra Desa” in the name of Northern Circarsater,Britishintroduced “Presidency” like “Madras Presidency” for entireSouthIndia. These kind of multiple socio-political conditionsimposedupon Indian society, which is basically an agrarianbasedcollection of small Kingdoms, gradually changed it intoanindustrial entity. After the introduction of “Legislative”rulingin the Indian sub-continent, the British made it mandatory togetofficial approval for “Caste identification”, which isbeingcontinued in the present Independent India. Though the Britishused“Castes” for identifying different classes of people inthesociety, for extending some administrative benefits tothedown-trodden, the same caste is know being used in all walksoflife, which is not good for 21st Century Indian Society. Inthefollowing section, the evolution of “Gavara” caste ispresented,for the benefit of knowing th

Radio is the technology of using radio wavestocarry information, such as sound, by systematicallymodulatingproperties of electromagnetic energy waves transmittedthroughspace, such as their amplitude, frequency, phase, or pulsewidth.[n1] When radio waves strike an electrical conductor, theoscillatingfields induce an alternating current in the conductor.Theinformation in the waves can be extracted and transformed backintoits original form.Radio systems need a transmitter to modulate (change) somepropertyof the energy produced to impress a signal on it, forexample usingamplitude modulation or angle modulation (which can befrequencymodulation or phase modulation). Radio systems also needan antennato convert electric currents into radio waves, and viceversa. Anantenna can be used for both transmitting and receiving.Theelectrical resonance of tuned circuits in radios allowindividualstations to be selected. The electromagnetic wave isintercepted bya tuned receiving antenna. A radio receiver receivesits input froman antenna and converts it into a form that is usablefor theconsumer, such as sound, pictures, digital data,measurementvalues, navigational positions, etc.[2] Radiofrequencies occupythe range from a 3 kHz to 300 GHz, althoughcommercially importantuses of radio use only a small part of thisspectrum.[3]A radio communication system sends signals by radio.[4] Theradioequipment involved in communication systems includes atransmitterand a receiver, each having an antenna and appropriateterminalequipment such as a microphone at the transmitter and aloudspeakerat the receiver in the case of avoice-communicationsystem.[5]Contents [hide]1 Etymology2 Processes2.1 Transmitter and modulation2.2 Antenna2.3 Propagation2.4 Resonance2.5 Receiver and demodulation2.6 Radio band3 Communication systems4 History5 Uses of radio5.1 Audio5.1.1 One-way5.1.2 Two-way5.2 Telephony5.3 Video5.4 Navigation5.5 Radar5.6 Data (digital radio)5.7 Heating5.8 Amateur radio service5.9 Unlicensed radio services5.10 Radio control (RC)6 See also7 Notes8 References9 External linksEtymology[edit]The term "radio" is derived from the Latin word "radius",meaning"spoke of a wheel, beam of light, ray". It was first appliedtocommunications in 1881 when, at the suggestion of FrenchscientistErnest Mercadier, Alexander Graham Bell adopted"radiophone"(meaning "radiated sound") as an alternate name for hisphotophoneoptical transmission system.[6] However, this inventionwould notbe widely adopted.Following Heinrich Hertz's establishment of the existenceofelectromagnetic radiation in the late 1880s, a variety oftermswere initially used for the phenomenon, with earlydescriptions ofthe radiation itself including "Hertzian waves","electric waves",and "ether waves", while phrases describing itsuse incommunications included "spark telegraphy", "spacetelegraphy","aerography" and, eventually and most commonly,"wirelesstelegraphy". However, "wireless" included a broad varietyofrelated electronic technologies, including electrostaticinduction,electromagnetic induction and aquatic and earthconduction, sothere was a need for a more precise term referringexclusively toelectromagnetic radiation.The first use of radio- in conjunction withelectromagneticradiation appears to have been by French physicistÉdouard Branly,who in 1890 developed a version of a cohererreceiver he called aradio-conducteur.[7] The radio- prefix waslater used to formadditional descriptive compound and hyphenatedwords, especially inEurope, for example, in early 1898 the Britishpublication ThePractical Engineer included a reference to "theradiotelegraph" and"radiotelegraphy",[8] while the French text ofboth the 1903 and1906 Berlin Radiotelegraphic Conventions includesthe phrasesradiotélégraphique and radiotélégrammes.The use of "radio" as a standalone word dates back to atleastDecember 30