Description

The heart is a muscular organ in humans andother animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of thecirculatory system. Blood provides the body with oxygen andnutrients, and also assists in the removal of metabolic wastes. Theheart is located in the middle compartment of the mediastinum inthe chest.

In humans, other mammals and birds the heart is divided intofour chambers: upper left and right atria; and lower left and rightventricles. Commonly the right atrium and ventricle are referredtogether as the right heart and their left counterparts as the leftheart. Fish in contrast have two chambers, an atrium and aventricle, while reptiles have three chambers. In a healthy heartblood flows one way through the heart due to heart valves, whichprevent backflow. The heart is enclosed in a protective sac, thepericardium, which also contains a small amount of fluid. The wallof the heart is made up of three layers: epicardium, myocardium,and endocardium.

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