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The Quran literally meaning is the centralreligious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelationfrom Allah.Its scriptural status among a world-spanning religiouscommunity, and its major place within world literature generally,has led to a great deal of secondary literature on the Quran.Quranic chapters are called suras and verses are called ayahs.

Muslims believe that the Quran was verbally revealed by Allah toMuhammad through the angel Gabriel (Jibril), gradually over aperiod of approximately 23 years, beginning on 22 December 609 CE,when Muhammad was 40, and concluding in 632 CE, the year of hisdeath. Muslims regard the Quran as the most important miracle ofMuhammad, a proof of his prophethood, and the culmination of aseries of divine messages that started with the messages revealedto Adam and ended with Muhammad. They consider the Quran to be theonly revealed book that has been protected by God from distortionor corruption.

According to the traditional narrative, several companions ofMuhammad served as scribes and were responsible for writing downthe revelations. Shortly after Muhammad's death, the Quran wascompiled by his companions who wrote down and memorized parts ofit. These codices had differences that motivated the Caliph Uthmanto establish a standard version now known as Uthman's codex, whichis generally considered the archetype of the Quran we have today.However, the existence of variant readings, with mostly minor andsome significant variations, and the early unvocalized Arabicscript mean the relationship between Uthman's codex to both thetext of today's Quran and to the revelations of Muhammad's time isstill unclear.

The Quran assumes familiarity with major narratives recounted inthe Jewish and Christian scriptures. It summarizes some, dwells atlength on others and, in some cases, presents alternative accountsand interpretations of events. The Quran describes itself as a bookof guidance. It sometimes offers detailed accounts of specifichistorical events, and it often emphasizes the moral significanceof an event over its narrative sequence. The Quran is used alongwith the hadith to interpret sharia law. During prayers, the Quranis recited only in Arabic.

Someone who has memorized the entire Quran is called a hafiz.Some Muslims read Quranic ayahs (verses) with elocution, which isoften called tajwīd. During the month of Ramadan, Muslims typicallycomplete the recitation of the whole Quran during tarawih prayers.In order to extrapolate the meaning of a particular Quranic verse,most Muslims rely on the tafsir.

Muslims believe the Quran to be the book of divine guidancerevealed from God to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel over aperiod of 23 years and view the Quran as God's final revelation tohumanity. They also believe that the Quran has solutions to all theproblems of humanity irrespective of how complex they may be and inwhat age they occur.

Revelation in Islamic and Quranic contexts means the act of Godaddressing an individual, conveying a message for a greater numberof recipients. The process by which the divine message comes to theheart of a messenger of God is tanzil (to send down) or nuzūl (tocome down). As the Quran says, "With the truth we (God) have sentit down and with the truth it has come down.

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